Financial position Essay

1. One of the apparent reasons for the failure to pay off the debts by the due debt is the continuous decline of the sales over the period of time due to overall sick performance of the industry. However, on the other hand, it is also imperative to understand that the firm has not been able to accurately forecast its cash flows as accurately as possible because there were not only frequent requests for revision of the funds required but also company was undertaking modernization in times where sales were declining. Supporting the long term as well as short term repayment of bank loans largely depend upon the ability of a company to generate sales and cash flows and in this case it has completely failed to achieve its targeted sales figures which basically force the firm to default on its payments on the due date. Apart from some seasonal and industry wide factors, company has also not been able to accurately forecast its financing needs. Though the sales declined but the forecasts based on which the debt was obtained did not included any externalities which could have basically hampered the ability of the firm to repay its debts on time. It is also important to understand that one of the main reasons behind the failure to pay off the debts on time is the inability of the management of the firm to ill plan at the wrong time as due to the seasonal nature of the business, they were expecting consistent and historical results however it did not turned up to be right. 2. Mr. Fischer was probably not been able to forecast the correct repayment of the loans as he based his forecasts on the historical trends and the company’s seasonal needs for the external financing. It was because of this reason that he forecasted zero banks loan payable during the period from Dec 1995 to May 1996. This assumption was correct if we observe it from the historical perspectives however as it lacked the inclusion of risk based assessment of what may go wrong i. e. as in this case, the company’s sales were consistently forecasted however they declined against the expectations. Such decline in sales therefore has put pressures on the cash flow position of the firm which basically forced the firm to not been able to pay its debts on time. It is also important to note that overhead forecasted at constant rates however they have shown greater volatility in actual that basically decreased the profitability of the firm as well as straining the cash flows of the firm as more funds were being diverted in paying off higher overhead and other expenses. Further, the assumption of producing at an even rate was also flawed specially considering the fact that the business has the seasonal demand patterns therefore assuming such production patterns may be gross mismanagement of the firm’s resources. 3. Overall, the firm’s financial position has not worsened as it is because some external factors which seem to be of short term nature and company can easily overcome once the seasonal impacts on the business decline. Further, firm’s working capital management seems to have worsened which may be the actual cause of concern as there is not only an increase in inventory but in receivables also.

The Relationship Of Feminism And Anthropology Anthropology Essay

The relationship of feminism and anthropology can convey a new development to the manner descriptive anthropologies are written and done. Lila Abu-Lughod ‘s statement women's rightist descriptive anthropology is an ‘ethnography with adult females at the Centre written for adult females by adult females ‘ can be seen as an attempt to happen a distinguishable manner of making and composing descriptive anthropology. In this essay I will look at the roots of feminism and feminist anthropology. I will so discourse Abu-Lughod ‘s statement and seek to explicate how her statement is good to anthropology and whether it is possible to make research her manner. I will secondly look at the advantages and disadvantages of the statement. I will concentrate on impressions of partial individuality and objectiveness. Finally, I will reason by discoursing some of the issues environing the authorization of adult females, and that although Abu-Lughod ‘s statement does hold some benefits it misses the of import point. I will reason that feminist descriptive anthropology should be used as a political tool for deprived adult females and it should reflect a â€Å" corporate, dialectical procedure of edifice theory through battles for alteration † ( Enslin:1994:545 ) . Feminism can be defined as ‘both a societal motion and a position on society. As a societal motion, it has challenged the historical subordination of adult females and advocated political, societal, and economic equality between the sexes. As a societal and sociological position, it has examined the functions that sex and gender drama in structuring society, every bit good as the mutual function that society dramas in structuring sex and gender ‘ ( Oxford dictionary 2007 ) . There are three chief classs in which the different moving ridges of feminism can be divided. Among the first one which was from 1850 to 1920, during this period most research was carried out by work forces. Feminists aimed to convey the voice of adult females in descriptive anthropology, they gave a different angle on experiences of adult females and the environing events. This brought a new angle because male descriptive anthropologies merely had the chance to interview other work forces e.g. what w ere adult females like. Important figures during this period were P.Kayberry who worked with B.Malinowski at LSE. She focused on faith but she examined work forces and adult females in her work. Traveling on to the 2nd moving ridge of which was from 1920s to 1980s, here the separation between sex and gender was made by of import women's rightists. Sexual activity as nature and gender as civilization. This takes us to the nature civilization duality which is of import when we are concentrating on the subordination of adult females in different societies. The dualities between sex/gender, work/home, men/women, and nature/culture are of import in societal theory for raising arguments. Important figures in the 2nd moving ridge feminism were Margaret Mead she made a batch of part in her work on the diverseness of civilizations here she helped to breakdown the prejudice that was based on constructs of what is natural, and she put more accent on civilization in people ‘s development. Most of import work ‘s of Mead was Coming of Age in Samoa ( 1928 ) . Another of import figure was Eleanor Leacock who was a Marxist feminist anthropologist. She focused on catholicity of fe male subordination and argued against this claim. This 2nd moving ridge of feminism was influenced by a figure of events in history, the 1960s was closely linked to political agitation in Europe and North America, like the anti-Vietnam war motion and the civil rights motion. Feminism was something that grew out of these political events during the sixtiess. Feminism argued that political relations and cognition were closely linked with each other so women's rightists were concerned with cognition and we have to oppugn the cognition that was being given to us. Feminism during 1960s called for the constitution of adult females ‘s authorship, universities, feminist sociology and a feminist political order which would be classless. Feminists became interested in anthropology, because they looked to ethnography as a beginning of information about whether adult females were being dominated everyplace by work forces. What are some of the ways that adult females are populating different societies, was there grounds of equality between work forces and adult females. Did matriarchal societies of all time exist and to acquire the replies to such inquiries they turned to ethnography. This takes us to the issue of descriptive anthropology and what we understand about adult females in different societies. It became obvious that traditional ethnographic work ignored adult females. Some of the issues environing adult females are ; ethnograhies did non speak about adult females ‘s universes, it did non speak about what went on in adult females ‘s lives, what they thought and what their functions were. When we discuss the inquiry are adult females truly subordinated, we realize that we do non cognize much about adult females in different societies. B.Malinowski ‘s work on the Kula did discourse the male function in the exchange of valuables. But during the 1970s Anette Weiner ( 1983 ) went to analyze the same society and she found out adult females are playing an of import function in Trobriand society excessively. Their involved with the Kula, exchanges, rites etc but Malinowski ne'er wrote about it. Female anthropologists of the seventiess would tra vel and look for of import work forces, and so they would analyze their values, their societies, what was of import to them. These anthropologists assumed, that work forces followed male logics in this public/private divide in line with this divide between the domestic and public sphere. They would besides presume that what went on in the populace sphere, economic system, political relations was more of import the domestic side. The construct of objectiveness came to be regarded as a manner of male power. Feminists claimed that scientific ideals of catholicity, eternity, and objectiveness were inherently male-dominated and that the more feminist properties of particularism, empathy and emotionalism were devalued ( Abu-Lughod 1990 ) . Feminists argued that to take over male domination these female properties had to be given more importance and made clear. Abu-Lughod ‘s ideal manner of making research is when a female ethnographer takes portion in the descriptive anthropology, instead so taking herself, who listens to other adult females ‘s voice and gives histories ( Abu-Lughod 1990 ) . The female ethnographer is able to make so because although the adult females studied differ from the ethnographer, she portions portion of the individuality of her source. The female research worker therefore has the appropriate â€Å" tools † to understand the other adult female ‘s life ( Abu-Lughod 1990 ) . this is why harmonizing to Abu-Lughod female descriptive anthropology should be an descriptive anthropology with adult females at the Centre written by and for adult females. Abu-Lughod says that early women's rightist anthropologists did non truly make anything about cognition. They had good purposes but they did n't make much as they were trapped in ways of thought that had been given to them by the masculine nature of the academy.

APA Style Page †Learn How to Format It According to All Rules

APA Style Page – Learn How to Format It According to All Rules Students call formatting an essay the hardest part of any academic writing process. They share that it takes more time to study writing style guides than reading a particular article or whole chapter to retell it. The principle of every citation style is alike: it’s all about inserting in-text citations and developing bibliography with the list of sources used throughout the paper. However, each format has its nuances. This time we’re going to talk about APA writing style designed and recommended by the American Psychologic Association. The usage of APA style is obvious: as far as it was prepared by the American Psychologic Association, it is most often applied to humanities, medical, and liberal arts disciplines such as: Psychology Philosophy Sociology Social work Education Nursing Literature Gender studies You can face APA style not only in academic essays. Any publication of research done in the fields mentioned above is usually written according to the rules set by the American Psychologic Association as well. The first time you may meet the necessity to format your paper like this is your first year in college. High school students rarely meet this formatting style as APA requires a more advanced writing level than MLA, for instance. It may take too long to read the entire guide in APA style, so we have shortened the information. This article briefly explains how to add in-text citations correctly as well as generate a bibliography (a.k.a. References page in APA). We tell which resources to use to format the work. Try to minimize bias in your language, avoid plagiarism (copy-pasted text without proper citations), and pick only high-quality examples of APA formatted essays with in-text citations. P.S. Use a guide/manual known as The American Psychologic Association Handbook 8th Edition when you type your paper using APA style. APA Writing Style Elements and Overall Structure First of all, every publication written in accordance with all principles set by the American Psychologic Association should begin with a title page. The next elements appear on the first page to identify your work: Your topic’s full title. Your name and last name. Educational institution (school, college, or university name). The format requires that the title is placed twice: in the page heading called Running head and in the bottom of your first page. When creating a title page in APA writing style, be careful with the margins (one-inch from all sides), font (Times New Roman 12 pt. is preferred), page numbers, and other small details. The heading should appear on every page, but less Running Head words. The second feature of any well-formatted paper is abstract. The American Psychologic Association manual requires all research works to include an abstract which is 150-200 words summary of the text. It contains just one paragraph written in APA style. A good sample of abstract may help if you have no idea how to prepare summaries. Another way to get help regarding this section’s length is to consult your teacher. Finally, base your examples on the section 2.04 of the APA Manual (American Psychological Association [APA], 2010). You can find a lot of useful information in this manual. The abstract should consult your readers on the content in order to let them decide whether they want to read your publication from cover to cover. It is critical to summarize every paragraph of your paper. Once you’re done with an abstract, move to the introduction and other parts by sticking to the chosen writing style. Body of the Paper and References Page Format The only difference between the ways MLA and APA introduction, body, and conclusion look is the necessity to add some headings to divide the parts of the text. Such headings should be bold. Social science research paper written according to the American Psychological Association guidelines might include the following headings placed in the center: Introduction, Method, Participants, Research Design, Measures, Procedure, Results/Findings, Discussion, Conclusion. All information should be properly separated in these blocks. All parts except for the conclusion can have citations. Each time you add an in-text citation, direct or indirect, specify the author, date (publication year), and a number of the page where the citation was taken from (if available). Put this source information in the parentheticals. That’s the way you should cite in APA style. Put down all sources you use on a separate piece of paper to prepare References page in APA style faster at the end. Such information is required to show where you used to find relevant citations, appraise the authors, and share sources with your readers. They may want to check them later. Actually, that’s why writers conduct research before writing down the essay or research paper in APA style. We will consult you on bibliography page only, but you can read the rest of the academic paper structure online. Each References page entry must provide the information on every single source recalled in the essay, including: Author’s last name and initials Year of publication Title of the article, book, newspaper, or any other source you used Details like version, edition, issue, number, etc. Publisher and publishing location (town/city and state). Type in the page number if known. We have included several examples of APA style references to cheer you up: National Association of Social Workers. (2000). Code of Ethics of the National Association of Social Workers. Washington, DC: Author. Schilling, R., Morrish, J., and Liu, G. (2008). Demographic trends in social work over a quarter-century.  Social Work, 53  (2) 103-114. Any problems with academic pages of your essay in APA style? You may consult online writers or simply order samples or custom essays for cheap.

Great Depression gds essays

Great Depression gds essays Effects of the Great Depression on Canada During the Great Depression of the 1930's, Canada's Prairie provincessuffered more than any other area in Canada. This time frame brought forthe farmers many years of droughts and grasshopper plagues, as each yeargot worse without any rainfall whatsoever. The impact of the GreatDepression on the Prairie provinces was devastating and it's impact on theregion was social, political and economical. During this periodunemployment reached high levels, prices of products were falling andpurchasing power was getting very weak. To try to help out unemployedpeople, mostly men, the government introduced relief camps. During the1930's in Prairie Canada, the Great Depression created harsh conditions andit was a struggle until it ended. The event which triggered the Great Depression was the Stock Marketcrash of October 24, 1929 in New York. Another important cause was that: Later in the 1930's, the wide adoption of the gold exchange in many countries was widely criticized as a great mistake which greatly contributed to the severity and length of the Great Depression. 1. In Canada, wheat, the most important export, was being over-producedaround the world, despite the fact that the 1928 supply of wheat was stillavailable in 1929. A good reason for the stock market crash in 1929 was that, the values of stocks of the New York Stock Exchange were grossly over-valued, but government and business appeared to ignore the signs. 2. Canadian revenues that came in from export sales were dependentlargely upon the United States who had the money for growth; thecommodities were grain, pulp and paper and metals. Then when the New Yorkcrashed on October 1929, stock prices fell dramatically. When the stockmarket crashed, the Canadian economy suffered after the United Statesinvoked high tariffs to shut out Canadian goods. In the Prairie provincesof Canada, in addition to ...

Maj. General Zachary Taylor in the Mexican-American War

Maj. General Zachary Taylor in the Mexican-American War Born on November 24, 1784, Zachary Taylor was one of nine children born to  Richard and Sarah Taylor. A veteran of the American Revolution, Richard Taylor had served with General George Washington at White Plains, Trenton, Brandywine, and Monmouth. Moving his large family to the frontier near Louisville, KY, Taylors children received a limited education. Educated by a series of tutors, Zachary Taylor proved a poor student despite being seen as a quick learner. As Taylor matured, he aided in developing his fathers growing plantation, Springfield, into a sizable holding that included 10,000 acres and 26 slaves. In 1808, Taylor elected to leave the plantation and was able to obtain a commission as a first lieutenant in the US Army from his second cousin, James Madison. The availability of the commission was due to an expansion of the service in the wake of the  Chesapeake-Leopard  Affair.  Assigned to the 7th US Infantry Regiment, Taylor traveled south New Orleans where he served under Brigadier General James Wilkinson. War of 1812 Returning north to recover from disease, Taylor married Margaret Peggy Mackall Smith on June 21, 1810. The two had met the previous year in Louisville after being introduced by Dr. Alexander Duke. Between 1811 and 1826, the couple would have five daughters and a son. The youngest, Richard, served with his father in Mexico and later attained the rank of lieutenant general in the Confederate Army during the Civil War. While on leave, Taylor received a promotion to captain in November 1810. In July 1811, Taylor returned to the frontier and assumed command of Fort Knox (Vincennes, IN). As tensions with the Shawnee leader Tecumseh increased, Taylors post became the assembly point for General William Henry Harrisons army prior to the Battle of Tippecanoe.  As Harrisons army marched to deal with Tecumseh, Taylor received orders temporarily calling him to Washington, DC to testify in a court-martial involving Wilkinson. As a result, he missed the fighting and Harrisons victory. Shortly after the outbreak of the War of 1812, Harrison directed Taylor to take command of Fort Harrison near Terre Haute, IN. That September, Taylor and his small garrison were attacked by Native Americans allied with the British. Maintaining a vigorous defense, Taylor was able to hold during the Battle of Fort Harrison. The fighting saw his garrison of around 50 men hold off approximately 600 Native Americans led by Joseph Lenar and Stone Eater until being relieved by a force led by Colonel William Russell. Temporarily promoted to major, Taylor led a company of the 7th Infantry during the campaign which culminated at the Battle of Wild Cat Creek in late November 1812. Remaining on the frontier, Taylor briefly commanded Fort Johnson on the upper Mississippi River before being compelled to retreat to Fort Cap au Gris. With the end of the war in early 1815, Taylor was reduced in rank back to captain. Angered by this, he resigned and returned to his fathers plantation. Frontier Wars Recognized as a gifted officer, Taylor was offered a majors commission the following year and returned to the US Army. Continuing to serve along the frontier, he was promoted to lieutenant colonel in 1819. In 1822, Taylor was ordered to establish a new base west of Natchitoches, Louisiana. Advancing into the area, he built Fort Jesup. From this position, Taylor maintained a presence along the Mexican-US border. Ordered to Washington in late 1826, he served on a committee that sought to improve the US Armys overall organization. During this time, Taylor purchased a plantation near Baton Rouge, LA and moved his family to the area. In May 1828, he took command of Fort Snelling in present-day Minnesota. With the beginning of the Black Hawk War in 1832, Taylor was given command of the 1st Infantry Regiment, with the rank of colonel, and traveled to Illinois to serve under Brigadier General Henry Atkinson. The conflict proved brief and following Black Hawks surrender, Taylor escorted him to Jefferson Barracks. A veteran commander, he was ordered to Florida in 1837 to take part in the Second Seminole War. Commanding a column of American troops, he won a victory at the Battle of Lake Okeechobee on December 25. Promoted to brigadier general, Taylor took command of all American forces in Florida in 1838. Remaining in this post until May 1840, Taylor worked to suppress the Seminoles and facilitate their relocation west. More successful than his predecessors, he used a system of blockhouses and patrols to maintain the peace. Turning command over to Brigadier General Walker Keith Armistead, Taylor returned to Louisiana to oversee American forces in the southwest. He was in this role as tensions began to increase with Mexico following the admission of the Republic of Texas into the United States. War Approaches In the wake of Congress agreeing to admit Texas, the situation with Mexico rapidly deteriorated as the two countries argued over the location of the border. While the United States (and Texas previously) claimed the Rio Grande, Mexico believed the border to be located further north along the Nueces River. In an effort to enforce the American claim and defend Texas, President James K. Polk directed Taylor to take a force into the disputed territory in April 1845. Shifting his Army of Occupation to Corpus Christi, Taylor established a base before advancing into the disputed territory in March 1846. Building a supply depot at Point Isabel, he moved troops inland and built a fortification on the Rio Grande known as Fort Texas opposite from the Mexican town of Matamoros. On April 25, 1846, a group of US dragoons, under Captain Seth Thornton, was attacked by a large force of Mexicans north of the Rio Grande. Alerting Polk that hostilities had commenced, Taylor soon learned that General Mariano Aristas artillery was bombarding Fort Texas. Fighting Begins Mobilizing the army, Taylor began moving south from Point Isabel to relieve Fort Texas on May 7. In an effort to cut off the fort, Arista crossed the river with 3,400 men and assumed a defensive position along the road from Point Isabel to Fort Texas. Encountering the enemy on May 8, Taylor attacked the Mexicans at the Battle of Palo Alto. Through the superb use of artillery, the Americans forced the Mexicans to retreat. Falling back, Arista established a new position at Resaca de la Palma the next day. Advancing down the road, Taylor again attacked and again defeated Arista at the Battle of Resaca de la Palma. Pushing on, Taylor relieved Fort Texas and on May 18 cross the Rio Grande to occupy Matamoros. On to Monterrey Lacking the forces to push deeper into Mexico, Taylor elected to pause to await reinforcements. With the Mexican-American War in full swing, additional troops soon reached his army. Building his force through the summer, Taylor began an advance against Monterrey in August. Now a major general, he established a series of garrisons along the Rio Grande as the bulk of the army moved south from Camargo. Arriving north of the city on September 19, Taylor was confronted by Mexican defenses led by Lieutenant General Pedro de Ampudia. Commencing the Battle of Monterrey on September 21, he compelled Ampudia to surrender the city after cutting off its supply lines south to Saltillo. After the battle, Taylor earned Polks ire by agreeing to an eight-week armistice with Ampudia. This was largely motivated by the high number of casualties sustained in taking the city and the fact he was deep in enemy territory. Politics at Play Directed to end the armistice, Taylor received orders to push forward to Saltillo. As Taylor, whose political alignment was unknown, had become a national hero, Polk, a Democrat, became concerned about the generals political ambitions. As a result, he ordered Taylor to stand fast in northeastern Mexico while ordering Major General Winfield Scott to attack Veracruz before advancing on Mexico City. To support Scotts operation, Taylors army was stripped of the bulk of its forces. Learning that Taylors command had been reduced, General Antonio Là ³pez de Santa Anna marched north with 22,000 men with the goal of crushing the Americans. Attacking at the Battle of Buena Vista on February 23, 1847, Santa Annas men were repulsed with heavy losses. Mounting a tenacious defense, Taylors 4,759 men were able to hold though they were badly stretched. The victory at Buena Vista further enhanced Taylors national reputation and marked the last fighting he would see during the conflict. Known as Old Rough Ready for his gruff demeanor and unpretentious attire, Taylor had largely remained silent on his political beliefs. Leaving his army in November 1947, he handed command to Brigadier General John Wool. President Returning to the United States, he aligned himself with the Whigs though he was not in full support of their platform. Nominated for president at the 1848 Whig convention, Millard Fillmore of New York was selected as his running mate. Easily defeating Lewis Cass in the 1848 election, Taylor was sworn in as President of the United States on March 4, 1849. Though a slaveholder, he took a moderate stance on the subject and did not believe that the institution could successfully be exported to the newly acquired lands from Mexico. Taylor also advocated for California and New Mexico to immediately apply for statehood and bypass territorial status. The issue of slavery came to dominate his term in office and the Compromise of 1850 was being debated when Taylor suddenly died on July 9, 1850. The initial cause of death was believed to be gastroenteritis caused by consuming contaminated milk and cherries. Taylor was initially buried in his family plot at Springfield. In the 1920s, this land was incorporated into Zachary Taylor National Cemetery. On May 6, 1926, his remains were moved into a new mausoleum on the cemetery grounds. In 1991, Taylors remains were briefly exhumed following some evidence that he may have been poisoned. Extensive testing found this not to be the case and his remains were returned to the mausoleum. Despite these findings, assassination theories continue to be put forward as his moderate views on slavery were highly unpopular in Southern circles.

"selection questions" investment banking job application Essay

"selection questions" investment banking job application - Essay Example The UBA offers a non-discriminatory and harassment-free workplace, which nurtures stable career growth with room for career development. The bank offers the ideal work environment for all employees while offering them opportunities to develop their professional banking careers. This is why the UBA global bank serves as the perfect bank to work for. The position of Analyst for mergers and acquisitions is a very challenging role, which deals with the purchase, merger, sale or takeover of companies (Iannotta 141). Working in such a globally recognized institution as Barclay Bank would provide a positive career challenge and would boost my experience in the banking career. Careerwise, taking up this role at Barclays would give me the necessary exposure and hands-on experience that is necessary to develop the career positively. The international outlook of the company would offer me a huge opportunity to network with others and help build a solid career base. The main objective of working for the institution would be to utilize this unique platform by maximizing on my talents with the intention of positively developing my career. Additionally, I will maximize on the international platform that the opportunity offers. The Barclays Bank is a leading branch globally, and it focuses on integrating global policies in diverse internation al settings. In addition, the opportunity would help me to bring personal output on an international scale and at the same time boost the merger and acquisitions expertise so as to be able to serve clients better. A chance to be a component of such a dynamic team is indeed hard to find, and this is why being onboard the Barclays fraternity would be such an honor and privilege. Indeed, such added expertise would help in this competitive field, and give it an edge over other banks. The stronger duty of national governments within banking is a catalyst

Critically discuss the historical-cultural context of human rights Essay

Critically discuss the historical-cultural context of human rights. Does their context differ across cultural boundaries and if - Essay Example In academic literature, the school of thought that who argued against universality in relation to human rights are today establishing new perspectives regarding human rights. This school of thought, now incorporates cultural elements within a universal concept related to human rights, instead of directly criticizing the idea of universality (Hey 2000, p.17). This approach taken in regard to human rights paves way for a focus on various issues affecting the society and the implications in terms of establishing human rights that are recognized internationally. Further, there is a likelihood of a new universalism being born as a result of globalization. This new universalism related to significant developments that have occurred globally in terms of theories and politics related to human rights. In practice, various rights that exist within the society are now viewed as being interdependent. However, there is also an increasing recognition of cultural diversity thus resulting in varying concepts related to rights in regard to a new universalism. For example, the establishment of the internationally recognized criminal tribunals in countries such as the Netherlands or Tanzania, reflect on a consensus for international responsibility, and also accountability in regard to serious crimes that are against humanity. In essence, this paper explores the historical-cultural context related to universality of human rights. (Hey 2000, p.19). Universality is an important characteristic related to human rights and by definition, human rights denotes the rights available to every human being and hence, considered universal. Each human being is considered a holder of human rights that are independent of their origin, their daily activities, where they reside and their citizenship or community. Universality in regard to human rights is often influenced by other factors associated with human rights, and human rights are categorical, egalitarian and indivisible (Onuma 2001, p.33). In essence, a review of universalism and relativism reveals a build-up of two different terminologies, however; the counterpart of the former term is particularism and for the latter term is absolutism. The main reason for the misconception revolves around an assumption identifying universalism as being only legitimate through absolute justification. As a result, a relative means of legitimization can establish only a justification considered relative. The result in this sense related to the proponents advocating for human rights tends to establish an absolute justification in terms of the set human rights. This assumption is influenced by the view that relative justification is not appropriate to establish universality related to human rights (Onuma 2001, p.42). On the other hand, it could be argued that this two terms lack direct association, which creates consequences in regarding to developing an understanding of the universality related to human rights, and also attempt to esta blish a justification. Human rights often struggles as a result of particular interests among states that place priority for sovereignty over universality related to human rights. In addition, the private sector also impacts on human rights as a result of focusing on self-regulating approaches and capitalizes to establish their influence relative to certain limits. Further, this challenge forms part of